Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, Part 6

Part 1: THE WORLD OF PREHISTORY

1-A: Unusual Creatures and Environment
1-B: What about Human Beings in the Age of Prehistory?
1-C: Origin of the Prehistoric Environment and Cause of its Disappearance

1-B: What about Mankind in the Age of Prehistory?

Learning about the prehistoric world certainly makes for a fascinating study because of all the unusual and much larger forms of life that existed back then. The study becomes even more intriguing when we look at what mankind was like in those days. There is much evidence from fossil bones, fossil footprints, and giant-sized tools to prove that, like the animals, our ancestors were much larger than we are today. Unfortunately, much of that evidence has been supressed or explained away by modern academia (for certain reasons which we will look into further on). Since this subject is so unusual, even controversial, some extra space will be given in this section to exploring it and checking out the evidence from various reports, photos, news clippings, etc.

(Left:) Giant fossilized footprint found on Mount Gowers in Cleveland National Forest, Ohio state, U.S.A. A Mr. James Snyder was looking for gold in February, 2002, when he happened to stumble onto this peculiar evidence of an ancient race of giant people.

(Right:) “The track in the stone measures 65 cm (25.5 inches) long, next to my foot that measures 28.5 cm (11.2 inches)” by Jorge Gasco de El Oraculo de Occidente, 2004, Valencia, Spain

(Center:) Giant footprints found in the Paluxy River Bed near Glen Rose, Texas, USA, by C.L. Burdick in the 1950’s. Similar giant human footprints have been found in Arizona, near Mt. Whitney in California, near the White Sands in New Mexico, New South Wales in Australia, Kerala in India, and other places.

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Rex Gilroy with a twenty five pound hand axe found near Bathurst, Australia.

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Great Orme Copper Mine – By Ted Twietmeyer

There is an ancient copper mine near the coastal town of Llandudno in North Wales. This area rises 220 meters above the Irish Sea, and it is known as the location of the Great Orme Copper Mine. It dates to the Bronze Age, about 3,500 years ago. More than 2,500 hammers at the mine have been recovered.
       It is believed that the mine stretches for many kilometers, with six kilometers already surveyed. It is known to have nine levels within it, and over 1,700 tons of copper are known to have been removed from the mine. This is quite a staggering accomplishment for a society of that era without the use of power tools, or at least as we know power tools today.
       The largest typical sledge hammer used today weighs 20 pounds, though sledge hammers in the 10 pound class are more commonplace. A grown man (without back trouble yet) can wield a 20 pound hammer, but only for limited amounts of time. That is, unless smashing masonry and demolition is his livelihood.
       In that case, he might do it for several hours at a time. This author owns a 10 pound sledge, and the only words to describe using it are misery, sweat and pain. And not necessarily in that order! It’s very hard to imagine using one of these for mining, day in and day out.
       A huge 64 pound sledge hammer was found at the copper mine by archeologists. To lift this 64 pound hammer using only the far end of a 9 foot long handle would be beyond the strength of any man. To swing it with force would be virtually impossible.So who or what could have wielded one of these back-breakers? If we scale up the size of the ancient people so they could use this tool, the giants at the copper mine may have been perhaps 12 to 18 feet tall, or about 3 times taller than an average human being of today. (from “Ooparts” website)

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Various News Articles

It is not necessary to read over all these news articles. The display of so many of them, however, serves to counteract the prevailing view nowadays that giants existed only in the realm of fable and legend. The several articles, reports, and testimonies listed here should provide adequate proof of their existence in the past. And this is only a small sampling of what could be reproduced here!

Printed from

‘Giant footprints prove Bigfoot’s existence’
10 Jan 2006, 0108 hrs IST, T S SREENIVASA REGHAVAN, TNN

       Was there an Indian Bigfoot? Yes, insists a team of amateur anthropologists led by S R Krishnaswamy. “We found four footprints of Bigfoot. In one, the footprint of the adult male measures 29 inches and the female size is 26 inches.
       Even the young one’s foot size is 8.5 inches,” said Krishnaswamy on Monday. Going by the size of the footmarks, the anthropologists say Indian Bigfoot would have been far bigger than his Australian and Malaysian counterparts, estimated to be about 8 feet tall and weighing a hefty 350 kg….
       Eminent anthropologist L K Balaratnam said in Coimbatore that the site is virgin and could throw up unknown facts. Balaratnam, who along with his father co-authored India’s first book on anthropology, ‘Anthropology in India’, said the finding should be “interesting.”
       He added that reports of Bigfoot sightings or impressions have not been reported from anywhere else in the country…

[This first article was a little skeptical, but 10 months later another article came out.]

Did Big Foot Live?
8 Oct 2006, 0033 hrs IST, T S SREENIVASA, TNN

       He was 17 feet high, weighed over 400 kg, was hairy, and lived over 50,000 years ago, in the caverns of Kerala’s green hills. It’s not clear if he was a communist. Nine months ago, the discovery of a 29-inch-long gigantic footprint on a rocky hillock at Karalmanna, 75 kms from Palakkad in Kerala excited interest and skepticism.
       The skepticism was chiefly because the discoverer was one S R Krishnaswamy, a clerk employed with the Life Insurance Corporation and an amateur archaeologist. Now, some professionals are beginning to endorse his claims.
       Based on the mammoth size of the footprint that has been fossilised in limestone, Krishnaswamy and team speculated not just the being’s vital statistics but also his (or her) general behavior… [Note: Because the footprints were found “fossilized in limestone”, this “bigfoot” does not belong in the same category as the “abominable snowmen” of more recent times. These prints belonged to a race of giant humans who lived long ago and have nothing to do with the fresh footprints of supposed “abominable snowmen” who some claim are roaming in remote areas of the earth today.]
       Dr. Pathmanathan Raghavan, senior researcher, School of Archaeology and Anthropology in The Australian National University, who studied videos and pictures of the footprints says that not only does he think the fossilised marks are genuine but also that they were imprints of a biped pre-historic human.
       He even guesses that the footprints belong to both juveniles and adults. “I am certain they don’t belong to any animals.
       Because, I’ve studied hundreds of footprints left behind by birds, carnivores and mammals… They are totally different from the ones found at Karalmanna.”
       … there are respected scientists who do not rule out the possibility of huge bipeds once populating the Earth. …
       Both the excitable amateurs and the professionals lament that lack of government protection will lead to the fossilised footprints and the ancient burial sites vanishing. Already the Karalmanna has become a tourist attraction…

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     These remarkable pictures were sent to me in December, 2019, by a gentleman, Sam Sales, from South Africa. Having seen online this brief study about giant-size humans, Mr. Sales felt led to send me pictures of these footprints that he and his son had stumbled across in 2014. The footprint is about one meter long, similar to the one mentioned in the Times of India news article above. The height of this pre-Flood individual would have been about 6.5 meters! By enlarging the pictures and adding some contrast, the toes become more visible.

     Mr. Sales wrote,

“I have found a foot print in the Richtersvelt (in South Africa near the Orange river). It is a right foot 1000mm long and 500mm wide in front. If you look into the print, it looks like when a person stepped into soft clay with the toe marks in the clay.”

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Excerpt from news report on Russia Channel One (Russia’s major broadcasting company):
(6 August, 2008)
“Scientists have found a settlement of mysterious, mythical creatures in the Borjomi gorge.

       “Archaeologists have made a sensational find. In the mountains of the Borjomi Gorge, they found the remains of the mysterious creatures of which legends have been told for centuries by local residents. As it turned out; the stories about the huge giants are in fact reality. What a mystery that has been hidden in the highlands!” [Read the rest of the article at  http://www.sydhav.no/giants/borjomi_georgia_upgrade.htm]

       Professor  Vekua  holds the bones of a 10-foot giant found in the Borjomi Gorge, Georgia. These giants’ were midgets in comparison to the ones that roamed in Kerala (and other places). Nevertheless, this discovery does provide good, documented evidence of the existence of giants in the past.

       It is likely that these giants (and the Antrim giant mentioned next) lived after the great cataclysm which destroyed the prehistoric world. We will study more about this cataclysm in upcoming sections.

       Other giants, like the Kerala giant and others, lived before that great cataclysm, and their remains were fossilized in stone.

Borjomi Giant: Middle bone is a normal human femur

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An extract and photograph from the British Strand magazine of December 1895, reprinted in W. G. Wood-Martin’s Book, Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland, mentions a fossilized giant that had been found during mining operatons in Count Antrim, Ireland:

[Note: Although preservation of the soft tissues in fossil form is rare, it is possible under certain conditions that cause petrefaction. Lime-rich water is known to have the effect of turning dead organisms – whether small plants or this human giant – into virtual stone statues. The process of carbonization also has this effect; coal mines are full of preserved imprints of soft leaves, plants, animal organisms, and even humans.]

“Pre-eminent among the most extraordinary articles ever held by a railway company is the fossilized Irish giant, which is at this moment lying at the London and North-Western Railway Company’s Broad street goods depot, and a photograph of which is reproduced here…
       “This monstrous figure is reputed to have been dug up by a Mr. Dyer whilst prospecting for iron ore in County Antrim.
       “The principal measurements are: entire length, 12 ft 2 in.; girth of chest, 6 ft 6 in.; and length of arms, 4 ft 6 in. There are six toes on the right foot. [The peculiar six-digit hands and feet are a common feature, found both in the physical remains and in the legends of giants. Could this be a clue to the origin of our systems for measuring time and compass degrees in multiples of 60?] The gross weight is 2 tons 15 cwt.; so that it took half a dozen men and a powerful crane to place this article of lost property in position for the Strand magazine artist.
       “Dyer, after showing the giant in Dublin, came to England with his queer find and exhibited it in Liverpool and Manchester at sixpence a head, attracting scientific men as well as gaping sightseers.
       “Business increased and the showman induced a man named Kershaw to purchase a share in the concern. In 1876, Dyer sent this giant from Manchester to London by rail; the sum of £4 2s 6d being charged for carriage by the company, but never paid.
       “Evidently Kershaw knew nothing of the removal of the ‘show’, for when he discovered it he followed in hot haste, and, through a firm of London solicitors, moved the Court of Chancery to issue an order restraining the company from parting with the giant, until the action between “Dyer and himself to determine the ownership was disposed of. The action was never brought to an issue.”

[Unfortunately (as far as is known), nothing more was ever heard of the Antrim giant or its owners.]

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• Ancient Civilization Beneath Death Valley? EXPEDITION REPORTS NINE-FOOT SKELETONS
  August 4, 1947 edition of the San Diego Union.

(Text of the Article:)

TRACE OF GIANTS FOUND IN DESERT

LOS ANGELES, Aug 4. (AP)– A retired Ohio doctor has discovered relics of an ancient civilization, whose men were 8 or 9 feet tall in the Colorado desert near the Arizona-Nevada-California line, an associate said today.
       Howard E. Hill. of Los Angeles speaking before the Transportation Club, disclosed that several well-preserved mummies were taken yesterday from caverns in an area roughly 180 miles square, extending through much of southern Nevada from Death Valley, Calif. across the Colorado River into Arizona.
       Hill said the discoverer is Dr. F. Bruce Russell, retired Cincinnati physician, who stumbled on the first of several tunnels in 1931, soon after coming West and deciding to try mining for his health.

MUMMIES FOUND

       Not until this year, however, did Dr. Russell go into the situation thoroughly, Hill told the luncheon. With Dr. Daniel S. Bovee, of Los Angeles — who with his father helped open up New Mexico’s cliff dwellings — Dr. Russell has found mummified remains together with implements of the civilization, which Dr. Bovee had tentatively placed at about 80,000 years old.
       “These giants are clothed in garments consisting of a medium length jacket and trouser extending slightly below the knees.” said Hill. “The texture of the material is said to resemble gray dyed sheepskin, but obviously it was taken from an animal unknown today.”

MARKINGS DISCOVERED

       Hill said that in another cavern was found the ritual hall of the ancient people, together with devices and markings similar to those now used by the Masonic order. In a long tunnel were well-preserved remains of animals including elephants and tigers. So far, Hill added, no women have been found.
       He said the explorers believe that what they found was the burial place of the tribe’s hierarchy. Hieroglyphics, he added, bear a resemblance to what is known of those from the lost continent of Atlantis. They are chiseled, he added, on carefully-polished granite.
       He said Dr. Viola V. Pettit, of London, who made excavations around Petra, on the Arabian desert, soon will begin an inspection of the remains.

• Missouri’s Buried City, The New York Times, 1885

Published: April 9, 1885
Copyright © The New York Times

Well, this was certainly an amazing discovery. There is no question that the city was part of a very ancient prehistoric civilization (since it was buried under a coal deposit); surprisingly, it shows that our ancestors had reached a fairly advanced level of civilization.

• The first Europeans to sail along the Patagonian coasts were Ferdinand of Magallanes and his crew in 1520. Their first meeting with the aboriginals (Tehuelches) was recorded by Antonio Pigafetta, the chronicler of the expedition, in a by now famous passage:

“One day, when no one was expecting it, we saw a giant, completely naked, by the sea. He danced and jumped and, singing, spread sand and dust over his head…He was so tall that the tallest among us reached only to his waist. He was truly well built…The captain named these kind of people Pataghoni. They have no houses but huts, like the Egyptians.
       They live on raw meat and eat a kind of sweet root which they call capac. The two giants we had on board ship ate their way through a large basket of biscuits, and ate rats without skinning them. They used to drink a half bucket of water at once.”

In the center picture can be seen the “giants” depicted on a 1562 map of the tip of South America. It used to be common knowledge that the name Patagons alluded to the outstanding foot size of the Tehuelches natives of that area.
       The engraving on the left is from the cover of “A Voyage round the World, in his Majesty’s ship the Dolphin, commanded by the Hon. Comm. Byron [relative of the famous poet], 1767” and read: “A sailor giving a Patagonian woman a piece of bread for her baby.”
       Not all the Patagonian natives were tall. But out of the 5 nations that inhabited the area, one known as the Tiremenen were truly gigantic. The existence of these giants was attested to by several other explorers after Megellan who reported seeing them and noted their gigantic size of around 10 or more feet tall. One of these explorers was the well known Englishman, Sir Francis Drake. Historians believe they disappeared due to war with neighboring tribes and due to not having any genetic resistance against European diseases.

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•        “A skeleton which is reported to have been of “enormous dimensions” was found in a clay coffin, with a sandstone slab containing hieroglyphics, during mound explorations by a Dr Everhart near Zanesville, Ohio. (American Antiquarian, 1880)

•        Ten skeletons “of both sexes and of gigantic size” were taken from a mound at Warren, Minnesota, 1883. (St. Paul Pioneer Press, May 23, 1883)

•        A mound near Toledo, Ohio, held 20 skeletons, seated and facing east with jaws and teeth “twice as large as those of present day people,” and beside each was a large bowl with “curiously wrought hieroglyphic figures.” (Chicago Record, Oct. 24, 1895; cited by Ron G. Dobbins, NEARA Journal, v13, fall 1978)

•        Bathurst, Australia… In fossil deposits in the 1930’s found around Bathurst from a depth of 6 feet below the surface a fossil lower back molar tooth was found. The owner would have been at least 25 ft. tall. Also found were huge stone artifacts – clubs, pounders, adzes, chisels, knives and hand axes all of tremendous weight, scattered over a wide area weighing from 8 to 25 pounds, implements which only men of tremendous proportions could possibly have made and used. Estimates for the actual size of these men range from 10 to 12 feet tall and over, weighing from 500 to 600 lbs.

•        At Gympie, Queensland, a large fragment of the back portion of a jaw which still possessed the hollow for a missing lower back molar tooth was discovered. The owner of the tooth would have stood at 10 feet tall.

•        Blue Mountain: In the Megalong Valley in the Blue Mountains, NSW [Australia], a depression found in ironstone protruding from a creek bank was the deeply impressed print of a large human-like foot. This footprint measures 7 inches across the toes. Had the footprint been complete it would have been at least 2 feet in length, appropriate to a 12 foot human. The largest footprint found on the Blue Mountains must have belonged to a man 20 feet tall!
         Mulgoa: A set of 3 huge footprints was discovered near Mulgoa, south of Penrith, N.S.W. The prints, each measuring 2 ft by 7 inches across the toes, are 6 ft. apart, indicating the stride of the 12 ft. giant who left them.
         Macleay River: Noel Reeves found near Kempsey, N.S.W., monstrous footprints discovered in sandstone beds on the Upper Macleay River. One print shows toe 4 inches long and the total toe-span is 10 inches suggesting that the owner of the print may have been 17 feet tall.

•        Ivan T. Sanderson, a well-known zoologist and frequent guest on Johnny Carson’s TONIGHT SHOW in the 1960s (usually with an exotic animal like a pangolin or a lemur), once related a curious story about a letter he received regarding an engineer who was stationed on the Aleutian island of Shemya [near Alaska] during World War II. While building an airstrip, his crew bulldozed a group of hills and discovered under several sedimentary layers what appeared to be human remains.The Alaskan mound was in fact a graveyard of gigantic human remains, consisting of crania and long leg bones. The crania measured from 22 to 24 inches from base to crown. Since an adult skull normally measures about eight inches from back to front, such a large crania would imply an immense size for a normally proportioned human. [Three times the size of present day humans!] Furthermore, every skull was said to have been neatly trepanned (a process of cutting a hole in the upper portion of the skull).

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        The above-mentioned cases are only a small sampling of what could be reproduced on the the subject of discoveries of the remains of giants. In view of all the evidence that exists, there seems no other conclusion to arrive at other than to understand that, indeed, many of our more ancient ancestors were much larger than we are today. A thorough more listing of reports may be found in the Ooparts website at http://www.s8int.com/giants2.html

Food for Thought: Could the existence of giants in the earth explain how some of the huge structures of antiquity were built, such as the Stonehenge monument, or the pyramids? Likely, there were many peaceable and friendly giants in ancient times who could have assisted in some of these construction projects.

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Legends of Giants

Surely there must be some truth to the numerous legends about giants that exist in almost every ancient society and culture in the world today: whether Ravanna in the Ramayana epic, the Goliath in Quran’s Surat al-Baqara and the Bible’s Book of Samuel, the Cyclops in Homer’s Odyssey,  the Formorian giants of Ireland, and many more.

The great hero Rama slays the evil giant Ravana, an event still remembered today in the Hindu Dassera and Diwali festivals and even celebrated in cinematic versions of the ancient legend.

Ravana’s brother Kumbhkaran known for his love of sleep and food

The Bengal goddess Durga slays giants and demons in this ancient bas-relief sculpture

Odysseus was the hero of the Battle of Troy because of his idea to use the “Trojan Horse”. On his way home to Greece, he got sidetracked and wound up trapped in the cave of the one-eyed giant known as the Cyclops. In the picture Odysseus is pouring wine for the giant to make him drunk so he and his men can make their escape.

David faces Goliath in this 1888 lithograph by Omar Schindler. David was just a shepherd boy, but he did have experience killing wild animals (a bear and a lion) while taking care of his father’s sheep. One day, during a visit to his older brothers on the battlefield, he heard the Goliath giant mocking the Israeli soldiers. David knew just what to do: he challenged the giant to a duel, and with one fling of his sling, down went the giant.

King Arthur faces a giant in this engraving by Walter Crane: There is a tale of King Arthur, on an expedition to France, encountering a giant. The giant was armed with a great club, and Arthur had his sword. According to the legend, the giant had been terrorizing the people of that vicinity, so Arthur bravely fought against the giant and killed him.

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Unlike the fossils and unearthed skeletons mentioned in various news articles and reports, these giants of legend pictured above are not exactly “prehistoric” since there are actual records of them. Some of the records are somewhat embellished, but that does not discount the fact that giant people did exist in the past, even the not-so-distant historical past.

Question: Why in modern times don’t we know more about these discoveries of giants?

      Regarding the news articles and reports, one noticeable feature about most of them: Except for a few articles, like the Times of India one about the Kerala giant, or the Russia Channel One broadcast about the Borjomi Gorge giant, they were written back around the turn of the 20th century. Why is that, one may wonder? Well, at that time the world had not yet come so much under the influence of a certain philosophy that has in our modern day come to dominate the way we think about mankind’s past history and prehistory. And that is the philosophy of evolution.

We will discuss more about this later, but suffice it to say for now, as far as evolution theory is concerned, the idea of giants doesn’t go along with it very well, nor the fact that these prehistoric ancestors of ours had achieved a fairly high degree of civilization. We are supposed to have descended from smaller, inferior, less intelligent species, not from larger, stronger, and probably more intelligent ancestors. So the idea of giants having existed in the past tends to get swept under the academic rug these days.

One may ask, have not the scientists run across these fossil skeletons, and would they not know about the existence of these giant human beings? Yes, indeed they have and even given them names – like Meganthropus and Gigantopithecus. Although these evidences of the existence of giants could be taken at face value, scientists have tended to ignore and obscure the obvious. Generally, the evidence gets misinterpreted and glib explanations are proffered about them being our evolutionary ancestors. (This is a big subject, and this question about the genuineness of “missing links” and the evolution of species will be explored more thoroughly in Post 4-E.)

Unfortunately, there has existed in the scientific world a bit of a hush-hush approach regarding these intriguing discoveries. Because evolution theory has been around for quite some time now, our modern mindset has become rather inflexible. Thus, any investigation into the fossil and geologic evidence that doesn’t adhere strictly to the evolutionary model receives automatic disapproval from the academic world. But these discoveries have the potential to throw wide open the doors to a new and better understanding about the prehistoric age. Sad to say however, nothing of the sort will be entertained for long in the scientific community; as things stand right now, it is too caged in by the boundaries of its own conventions and established ways of thinking.

This is not unlike the situation during the time of Copernicus and Galileo. They tried to convince the world of the 16^th and 17^th centuries that the Sun, not the Earth, was the center of the universe. But at that time the scientific authorities were too “caged in” by the old earth-centered concept of the universe. In spite of all their evidence in favor of a sun-centered universe, these men’s ideas were ignored and even received stiff opposition from the establishment of their day. It should come as no surprise then to see that we have the same sort of problem in our modern time. Only instead of having to contend with a deeply engrained idea like the earth-centered theory of the universe, now we have the deeply engrained theory of evolution to contend with.

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Continue to 1-C: Origin of the Prehistoric Environment and Cause of its Disappearance